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<p>Dear Friends and Colleagues, <br>
<br>
Given the enthusiasm and volume of submissions for the special issue<br>
of the journal Totalitarianism and Democracy devoted to the "Color<br>
Revolutions"<wbr>, we are planning to expand the scope of the research and<br>
edit a book mapping the "Color Revolutions" that have so far occurred,<br>
and trying to identify similar movements that may also act as a<br>
catalyst for regime change.<br>
Provisional title<br>
Mapping the `Color Revolutions'<wbr>: The March of Civic Activism and<br>
Political Transformation from Europe to Asia<br>
<br>
Our geographical focus is not limited to former communist states as a<br>
number of countries like Iran, Lebanon and Burma have also witnessed<br>
increasing civil activism and the emergence of groups employing<br>
non-violent methods to protest against the status quo.<br>
<br>
For this reason we wish to integrate the material already selected and<br>
receive further propositions for articles focusing on different<br>
aspects of those "color movements". The original call for papers is<br>
attached herewith and we encourage any submission but welcome<br>
particularly papers with a geographical focus on<br>
<br>
Slovakia (especially the OK campaign in 1998)<br>
Belarus <br>
Azerbaijan<br>
Armenia<br>
Russia<br>
Moldova<br>
Kazakhstan<br>
Tajikistan<br>
Turkmenistan<br>
<br>
Submissions dealing with previous protest movements (for example<br>
Solidarnosc in Poland, the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia,<br>
protests in the Baltic states and the Granite Revolution in Ukraine)<br>
would also be welcomed so long as they can show how such movements<br>
have contributed to the current wave of "Color Revolutions"<br>
<br>
Abstracts (500 words) should be sent by 10 December 2007 to the<br>
addresses below. Selected authors will be notified by 15 December and<br>
the deadline for submission of the final paper (8000 words) will be 20<br>
April 2008.<br>
<br>
For further information or submission of abstracts, please contact by<br>
e-mail:<br>
<br>
Dr. Donnacha Ó Beacháin, Associate Professor, Department of Political<br>
Science, KIMEP, Almaty, Kazakhstan<br>
Abel Polese, Marie Curie Research Fellow, Hannah Arendt Institute for<br>
Research on Totalitarianism (HAIT), Dresden, Germany <br>
<a href="mailto:donnacha_1%40yahoo.com">donnacha_1@yahoo.<wbr>com</a><br>
<a href="mailto:abelpolese%40yahoo.co.uk">abelpolese@yahoo.<wbr>co.uk</a><br>
<br>
Mapping the `Color Revolutions'<wbr>: The March of Civic Activism and<br>
Political Transformation from Europe to Asia (provisional title) <br>
(NB contributions focusing on previous protest movements such as<br>
those in Czechoslovakia or the Baltic States are very welcome, so long<br>
as they can show a connection between them and those that form the<br>
primary focus of our analysis).<br>
Since 1998 the Eurasian geopolitical landscape has been affected by<br>
what have been labeled the 'color revolutions'<wbr>, which refers to a<br>
number of socio-political transformations attempted, but not<br>
necessarily achieved, in a number of countries, namely: Slovakia<br>
(1998), Serbia (2000), Belarus (2001 and 2006), Georgia (2003),<br>
Ukraine (2004), Kyrgyzstan (2005) and immediately sedated in Russia,<br>
Uzbekistan (2005), Azerbaijan (2005), and Kazakhstan (2005). <br>
Those events have certainly some elements in common with the second<br>
wave of revolutions, which occured in Germany, Poland, the Czech<br>
Republic and the Baltic Countries in 1989 but they also possess some<br>
completely new features like the growing use of the Internet, humor<br>
and art to deliver a message, and the significant involvement of<br>
grassroots NGOs. <br>
In some cases these 'revolutions' have led to a radical political and<br>
social change in the country, in other cases not. It is our belief<br>
that the 'people' factor is decisive in determining the nature of a<br>
revolution and popular attitudes are crucial for a successful<br>
movement. However, it is up to leaders to create the conditions for<br>
people to become aware and motivate them to act. How is it possible to<br>
create the conditions necessary for a revolution to occur and to be<br>
successful?<br>
To answer this question one should go beyond the vision that sees<br>
economic and logistic support to the opposition as the main elements<br>
of a successful revolution. Likewise the opinion that 'people stood up<br>
and fought for democracy' should be examined and analyses should try<br>
to understand the relative importance of external aid and popular<br>
attitudes in determining the 'success' of a revolution. A revolution<br>
is 'successful' if it leads to a substantial change in the country.<br>
The easiest indicator of this change is a political one, however a<br>
social change might also be employed as an indicator of success, when<br>
it is measurable. <br>
All the opposition movements made use of protest techniques developed<br>
over the years and often based on Gene Sharp's theory of power (1973)<br>
and his a guidebook 'from dictatorship to democracy'. <br>
Some theoretical questions we want to answer are: <br>
Why did the use of revolutionary tools not lead to the same result<br>
throughout the post-communist space? Is it because those tools were<br>
used correctly in some cases and incorrectly in others or because<br>
'geography' matters? <br>
What was the role of the ruling elite in preventing the development of<br>
civil society and stymieing protests and to what degree was the role<br>
of the political opposition, external actors and NGO networking<br>
important? <br>
Is there a saturation point for the 'color revolutions' after which<br>
all attempts to use such techniques will be futile? Or is it the case<br>
that some 'revolutions' were not attempted in the right place or at<br>
the right moment? <br>
By exploring the above questions and drawing from the experiences of<br>
these 'revolutions'<wbr>, we seek to spell out a theory of 'color<br>
revolutions' that can provide some common points for all the social<br>
changes that have occurred between 1998-2006. To do this, we welcome<br>
theory-generating contributions that focus on a country as case study<br>
or propose a comparative analysis of a number of countries. <br>
Contributions should analyze one or more elements that have to be<br>
encountered when 'organizing a revolution'. In particular we might<br>
divide the topics in the following way: (the list is not exhaustive<br>
and potential contributors are welcome to discuss with the editors a<br>
possible focus) <br>
a) Ideology and a theoretical framework <br>
The role of previous waves of revolutions <br>
The reference texts of a revolution <br>
The role of Gene Sharp's 'theory of power', 'from dictatorship to<br>
democracy' and other ideological sources <br>
b) The will to set up a revolutionary apparatus <br>
The work of the Einstein Foundation in Eurasia<br>
The role of foreign and domestic intelligence forces <br>
The legacy of previous protest movements <br>
Democratic ideology in regional context <br>
Existence of a team of revolution makers at national and international<br>
level that has been operating in Eurasia and is extending its field of<br>
action to other regions <br>
c) Fundraising <br>
Relations with foreign foundations <br>
Domestic fundraising: contact with local businessmen <br>
Door to door fundraising: gathering goods other than money (labor<br>
force, commodities, ideas, services, ideological and physical support)<br>
d) Training of activists <br>
Contact with other successful protest movements <br>
Relations with foreign foundations <br>
Domestic trainings of activists <br>
e) Coordination and cooperation of forces <br>
Relations between the political and NGO forces before, during and<br>
after the political crisis <br>
Networking between domestic NGOs <br>
Relations between the political forces, national based and grassroots<br>
NGOs <br>
f) Containing the influence of hostile actors <br>
The role of external forces such as the EU, Russia and USA and their<br>
influence on civil society <br>
Coping with an hostile environment and limiting the influence of the<br>
current regime <br>
Alliances of the opposition and civil society with some major<br>
personalities of the ruling elite that subsequently support the<br>
protest movements <br>
g) Involving and motivating people <br>
The People's attitude, in a comparative historical and/or geographical<br>
perspective <br>
Communication between the leaders and people to motive them <br>
The relations between NGOs and "ordinary" people <br>
Communication between active and passive strata of the population <br>
h) Capacity to choose time and modality to carry out the revolution <br>
The logistics of a revolution <br>
How to prepare scenarios (optimistic and pessimistic) of a revolution <br>
The right time to carry out a revolution <br>
<br>
</p>
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margin: 0;
}
o {font-size: 0; }
.MsoNormal {
margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
#ygrp-text tt{
font-size: 120%;
}
blockquote{margin: 0 0 0 4px;}
.replbq {margin:4}
-->
</style>
</head>
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</html><!--End group email -->